History of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, often referred to as the “Missile Man of India,” is one of the most revered figures in Indian history, known for his contributions to science and technology. However, his legacy also includes a noteworthy phase as a politician. Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007, a period that marked his transition from a scientist to a statesman. His presidency was characterized by an emphasis on development, education, and unity, reflecting his scientific mindset and humane vision for the country.

Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Before stepping into politics, he had an illustrious career as a scientist and aerospace engineer, primarily with the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). His work on the development of ballistic missile technology earned him the nickname "Missile Man." He played a pivotal role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, underlining his influence on Indian defense technology.

Kalam's political journey began in a unique and unconventional manner. Unlike most politicians who come from a background of public service or governance, Kalam entered the political arena as a candidate for the presidency due to his immense popularity and reputation as a visionary scientist. His nomination was supported by both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian National Congress, reflecting his cross-party appeal and the respect he commanded across the political spectrum.

Sworn in as President on July 25, 2002, Abdul Kalam was known for his simplicity, humility, and egalitarian approach to leadership. As a president, Kalam was a constitutional head, but he endeavored to inspire and ignite the minds of the young generation, often considered the future of the nation. Throughout his presidency, he stressed the importance of education and innovation in transforming India. He traveled extensively within India, interacting with students and youths, whom he considered crucial agents in achieving national development.

A key aspect of his political philosophy was the vision of transforming India into a developed nation by 2020, as outlined in his book “India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium.” He advocated for a strong economy driven by technology and education, emphasizing the need for an India that could stand toe-to-toe with leading global powers. This vision was mirrored in his presidential initiatives, where he focused on improving healthcare, agriculture, and the information technology industry.

One of the most significant political stances taken by Kalam was his insistence on integrity and transparency within government operations. Although his position was largely ceremonial, he exercised his authority by sending back bills for reconsideration, a rare move by a President in India. This was seen during the Office of Profit Bill in 2006, which he returned to Parliament, urging reevaluation and debate. His actions, often guided by conscience and ethics, illuminated his belief in a responsible and accountable governance system.

Moreover, Kalam’s tenure saw him working tirelessly to foster national unity and identity. He aspired to break the socio-economic barriers and preached the vision of a secular and harmonious India. His secular credentials were undeniable, given his upbringing in a multicultural environment, and they became a cornerstone in his approach to political issues. Kalam tirelessly worked to steer the nation on a path of collaborative progress, bridging divisions and advocating for peace and prosperity.

Despite his prominence as a statesman, Kalam never shied away from acknowledging the political limitations of the presidency. Post-presidency, he reflected on how he viewed himself more as a teacher and thinker rather than a conventional politician. In fact, after completing his term, he returned to civilian life willingly, choosing not to pursue any further official capacity in politics.

Retiring from the presidency allowed Kalam to return to his roots – education and inspiration. He continued to serve as a visiting faculty at various prestigious institutes across India, further enriching young minds and sharing his expansive knowledge and experience. Kalam’s ability to connect with the youth was legendary, and he spent his post-political years nurturing the future of India.

Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management, Shillong, doing what he loved the most – interacting with students. His death was deeply mourned across India, transcending political affiliations and social strata, highlighting the profound impact he had on millions.

The legacy of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam as a politician is more than just his time in office; it is about the enduring inspiration he provided, his vision for a technologically advanced yet humane India, and his relentless work towards educational and societal upliftment. His presidency was emblematic of the idea that technology and governance could unite to lead a country forward, creating a template for future leaders. Kalam remains a beacon of hope, unity, and progress, embodying the spirit of selfless service and visionary leadership.